Archaeological Society of South Carolina (ASSC): March 2012

Sunday, March 25, 2012

THIS WEEK: Native American Studies Week continues at USC Lancaster

Native American Education and Archaeology

Highlighted during USC Lancaster’s

Native American Studies Week

March 23rd-March 29th

If you missed the conference and festival, don't worry! There are still lots of exciting things going on during this year's Native American Studies Week.

This year’s free and public events are linked to the week’s theme, “Native Knowledge: Looking Back—Moving Forward,” as scholars and guests examine Native American history and culture, particularly in regard to education. Monday March 26th features a day of lectures and panel discussions, beginning with a talk by Dr. Will Goins, educator and CEO of the Eastern Cherokee, Southern Iroquois, United Tribes of South Carolina. The lecture will focus on the little-known history of Native American schools in South Carolina. While the history of segregation-era schools established for white and African-American citizens is well known, few are familiar with the schools created for Native American students, who were often ignored in the b-racial South (This topic will be continued on Wednesday with lectures by USCL Archivist Brent Burgin and UNC Pembroke Sociologist Michael Spivey). Monday afternoon will feature a panel discussion on
Native American mascots in high school, college, and professional sports.

On Tuesday and Thursday, USCL faculty will screen films on Native American boarding schools to
compliment Tuesday’s and Wednesday’s respective lectures by Dr. Goins, Professor Burgin, and Dr.
Spivey. On Wednesday, leaders from South Carolina’s various tribal groups will be on campus to discuss
issues important to their respective communities, and at 2:30 pm, the campus will host a public meeting
of the South Carolina Commission for Minority Affairs Native American Advisory Committee. Native
American Studies Week 2012 closes out on Thursday afternoon with a lecture by anthropologist Sarah
Quick, who will discuss Native American musical traditions, and an opening reception to highlight
USCL’s new exhibit of Native American traditional arts.

USC Lancaster’s Native American Studies Week events are free and open to the public. USCL’s Native
American Studies Program is supported, in part, by a grant from the Charlotte Area Educational
Consortium.

For more information, contact Dr. Stephen Criswell, Director of Native American Studies, at 803-313-
7108 or by email at criswese@gwm.sc.edu. For full schedule, updates, and additions, visit
http://usclancaster.sc.edu/.

USC Lancaster 2012 Native American Studies Week

Schedule of Activities

Monday March 26th
10:00 am – 11:00 am Dr. Will Goins, “Cherokee Indians of South Carolina.” - Bradley 102
12:30 pm – 2:30 pm Panel Discussion on Native American Mascots - Bundy Auditorium

Tuesday March 27th
9:30 am – 10:30 am Professor Brent Burgin, “SC’s Native American Schools” - Bundy Auditorium
11:00 am – Noon Dr. Michael Spivey, “Native American Schools in the Carolinas” - Bundy Auditorium
1:00 pm – 3:00 pm Native American Film Series - Stevens Auditorium
5:30 pm – 7:30 pm Native American Film Series - Stevens Auditorium

Wednesday March 28th
9:00 am – Noon Photography, Grant Writing, and Genealogy Workshops - Location: TBA
Noon – 2:30 pm Roundtable with South Carolina Tribal Leaders - Carole Ray Dowling Center

Thursday March 29th
9:00 am and 11:00 am Native American Art Exhibit Gallery Tours - Bradley Atrium
1:00 pm – 3:00 pm Native American Film Series - Bundy Auditorium
4:00 pm – 5:00 pm Dr. Sarah Quick “Native American Musical Traditions” - Medford 212
5:00 pm – 5:45 pm Native American Art Exhibit Gallery Opening - Bradley Atrium

Friday, March 23, 2012

TOMORROW! USCL's Native American Arts and Culture Festival

USC Lancaster’s

Native American Arts and Culture Festival

March 24

Come out to USC Lancaster tomorrow for a Native American festival, featuring drummers, dancers, arts and crafts vendors, and educational and children’s activities, including a Catawba language puppet show.

And join us for next weeks events as well! Monday March 26th features a day of lectures and panel discussions, beginning with a talk by Dr. Will Goins, educator and CEO of the Eastern Cherokee, Southern Iroquois, United Tribes of South Carolina. The lecture will focus on the little-known history of Native American schools in South Carolina. While the history of segregation-era schools established for white and African-American citizens is well known, few are familiar with the schools created for Native American students, who were often ignored in the b-racial South (This topic will be continued on Wednesday with lectures by USCL Archivist Brent Burgin and UNC Pembroke Sociologist Michael Spivey). Monday afternoon will feature a panel discussion on Native American mascots in high school, college, and professional sports.

On Tuesday and Thursday, USCL faculty will screen films on Native American boarding schools to
compliment Tuesday’s and Wednesday’s respective lectures by Dr. Goins, Professor Burgin, and Dr.
Spivey. On Wednesday, leaders from South Carolina’s various tribal groups will be on campus to discuss
issues important to their respective communities, and at 2:30 pm, the campus will host a public meeting
of the South Carolina Commission for Minority Affairs Native American Advisory Committee. Native
American Studies Week 2012 closes out on Thursday afternoon with a lecture by anthropologist Sarah
Quick, who will discuss Native American musical traditions, and an opening reception to highlight
USCL’s new exhibit of Native American traditional arts.

USC Lancaster’s Native American Studies Week events are free and open to the public. USCL’s Native
American Studies Program is supported, in part, by a grant from the Charlotte Area Educational
Consortium.

For more information, contact Dr. Stephen Criswell, Director of Native American Studies, at 803-313-
7108 or by email at criswese@gwm.sc.edu. For full schedule, updates, and additions, visit
http://usclancaster.sc.edu/.

USC Lancaster 2012 Native American Studies Week

Schedule of Activities

Saturday March 24th
9:00 am – 3:00 pm Native American Arts and Culture Festival - Bradley Building

Monday March 26th
10:00 am – 11:00 am Dr. Will Goins, “Cherokee Indians of South Carolina.” - Bradley 102
12:30 pm – 2:30 pm Panel Discussion on Native American Mascots - Bundy Auditorium

Tuesday March 27th
9:30 am – 10:30 am Professor Brent Burgin, “SC’s Native American Schools” - Bundy Auditorium
11:00 am – Noon Dr. Michael Spivey, “Native American Schools in the Carolinas” - Bundy Auditorium
1:00 pm – 3:00 pm Native American Film Series - Stevens Auditorium
5:30 pm – 7:30 pm Native American Film Series - Stevens Auditorium

Wednesday March 28th
9:00 am – Noon Photography, Grant Writing, and Genealogy Workshops - Location: TBA
Noon – 2:30 pm Roundtable with South Carolina Tribal Leaders - Carole Ray Dowling Center

Thursday March 29th
9:00 am and 11:00 am Native American Art Exhibit Gallery Tours - Bradley Atrium
1:00 pm – 3:00 pm Native American Film Series - Bundy Auditorium
4:00 pm – 5:00 pm Dr. Sarah Quick “Native American Musical Traditions” - Medford 212
5:00 pm – 5:45 pm Native American Art Exhibit Gallery Opening - Bradley Atrium

Thursday, March 22, 2012

STARTING TOMORROW! USCL's Native American Studies Week

Native American Education and Archaeology

Highlighted during USC Lancaster’s

Native American Studies Week

March 23rd-March 29th

Demonstrations and exhibits of Native American arts and crafts, a Saturday cultural festival, lectures,
films, and a day-long archaeology conference will be featured as USCL celebrates is seventh annual
Native American Studies Week. This year’s free and public events are linked to the week’s theme,
“Native Knowledge: Looking Back—Moving Forward,” as scholars and guests examine Native American
history and culture, particularly in regard to education. The week kicks off on Friday March 23rd with a
day-long conference highlighting work conducted by archaeologists from area educational institutions.
Archaeologists from UNC, USC, Winthrop University, and USC Lancaster will discuss work conducted
in the Catawba/Wateree Valley, covering over a thousand years of occupation, settlement, exploration,
and colonization.

Events continue Saturday with a Native American festival, featuring drummers, dancers, arts and crafts
vendors, and educational and children’s activities, including a Catawba language puppet show. Monday
March 26th features a day of lectures and panel discussions, beginning with a talk by Dr. Will Goins,
educator and CEO of the Eastern Cherokee, Southern Iroquois, United Tribes of South Carolina. The
lecture will focus on the little-known history of Native American schools in South Carolina. While the
history of segregation-era schools established for white and African-American citizens is well known, few
are familiar with the schools created for Native American students, who were often ignored in the b-racial
South (This topic will be continued on Wednesday with lectures by USCL Archivist Brent Burgin and
UNC Pembroke Sociologist Michael Spivey). Monday afternoon will feature a panel discussion on
Native American mascots in high school, college, and professional sports.

On Tuesday and Thursday, USCL faculty will screen films on Native American boarding schools to
compliment Tuesday’s and Wednesday’s respective lectures by Dr. Goins, Professor Burgin, and Dr.
Spivey. On Wednesday, leaders from South Carolina’s various tribal groups will be on campus to discuss
issues important to their respective communities, and at 2:30 pm, the campus will host a public meeting
of the South Carolina Commission for Minority Affairs Native American Advisory Committee. Native
American Studies Week 2012 closes out on Thursday afternoon with a lecture by anthropologist Sarah
Quick, who will discuss Native American musical traditions, and an opening reception to highlight
USCL’s new exhibit of Native American traditional arts.

USC Lancaster’s Native American Studies Week events are free and open to the public. USCL’s Native
American Studies Program is supported, in part, by a grant from the Charlotte Area Educational
Consortium.

For more information, contact Dr. Stephen Criswell, Director of Native American Studies, at 803-313-
7108 or by email at criswese@gwm.sc.edu. For full schedule, updates, and additions, visit
http://usclancaster.sc.edu/.

USC Lancaster 2012 Native American Studies Week

Schedule of Activities

Friday March 23rd
9:00 am – 4:00 pm Conference on Archaeology in the Catawba/Wateree Valley - Bundy Auditorium

Saturday March 24th
9:00 am – 3:00 pm Native American Arts and Culture Festival - Bradley Building

Monday March 26th
10:00 am – 11:00 am Dr. Will Goins, “Cherokee Indians of South Carolina.” - Bradley 102
12:30 pm – 2:30 pm Panel Discussion on Native American Mascots - Bundy Auditorium

Tuesday March 27th
9:30 am – 10:30 am Professor Brent Burgin, “SC’s Native American Schools” - Bundy Auditorium
11:00 am – Noon Dr. Michael Spivey, “Native American Schools in the Carolinas” - Bundy Auditorium
1:00 pm – 3:00 pm Native American Film Series - Stevens Auditorium
5:30 pm – 7:30 pm Native American Film Series - Stevens Auditorium

Wednesday March 28th
9:00 am – Noon Photography, Grant Writing, and Genealogy Workshops - Location: TBA
Noon – 2:30 pm Roundtable with South Carolina Tribal Leaders - Carole Ray Dowling Center

Thursday March 29th
9:00 am and 11:00 am Native American Art Exhibit Gallery Tours - Bradley Atrium
1:00 pm – 3:00 pm Native American Film Series - Bundy Auditorium
4:00 pm – 5:00 pm Dr. Sarah Quick “Native American Musical Traditions” - Medford 212
5:00 pm – 5:45 pm Native American Art Exhibit Gallery Opening - Bradley Atrium

Monday, March 19, 2012

DEADLINE MARCH 25: Features and Profiles Submissions

The submission deadline is March 25th for the first newsletter of 2012. Generally, I am looking for a page or less of text and a few accompanying photographs of any recent or upcoming archaeological events in your area.

Sincerely,
Chan Funk
Editor, Features and Profiles
chanfunk@aol.com

Friday, March 9, 2012

Call for Donations to the ASSC Graduate Student Grant-in-Aid Program

Dear ASSC Member:

On behalf of The Graduate Student Grant-in-Aid Committee, we are requesting contributions from ASSC members interested in supporting the Graduate Student Grant-in-Aid Program. The Grant-in-Aid Program was established to assist graduate students in their thesis or dissertation research. The goal of the program is to award funds ranging from several hundred to one thousand dollars to graduate students researching topics pertaining to South Carolina archaeology. This includes both the historic and prehistoric time periods for terrestrial and underwater archaeology.

Donations to the Grant-in-Aid Program promote research that advances our knowledge of the history and prehistory of South Carolina and of the United States. To date, this program has assisted the research of more than 40 students and has been instrumental in allowing a number of archaeologists to move on and become respected members of the academic and applied archaeology professions.

Suggested donation amounts are $50 from individuals and $100 from organizations and businesses. However, no contribution is too small, and all are tax deductible. Contributions to the Grant-in-Aid fund will be acknowledged in the Society's newsletter, Features and Profiles, unless contributors prefer to remain anonymous.

Please make donations payable to the ASSC and mail to :

Archaeology Society of South Carolina

1321 Pendleton St.

Columbia, SC 29208

If you prefer, you may also make a contribution via PayPal by using the link on our website http://www.assc.net/grant-in-aid/call-for-donations

Thank you in advance for your continued support of this important program.

M. Brooke Brilliant Aaron Brummitt

Grant-in-Aid Committee Co-Chair Grant-in-Aid Committee Co-Chair

121 E. First Street 620 Wando Park Boulevard

Clayton, NC 27520 Mt. Pleasant, SC 29464

brooke.brilliant@yahoo.com abrummitt@smeinc.com

Monday, March 5, 2012

TOMORROW! ASSC Annual Conference: Call for Papers

ASSC Annual Conference: Call for Papers

Archaeological Society of South Carolina

Annual Conference on South Carolina Archaeology

Call for Papers - Deadline is March 6 (TOMORROW)!

The Archaeological Society of South Carolina invites submissions for the general session of our annual conference on April 14, 2012. Accepted posters and papers must incorporate South Carolina archaeology, but we hope to integrate a range of topics and perspectives.

Avocational archaeologists, undergraduate students, graduate students and professional archaeologists interested in participating are encouraged to email a title and short abstract to James Stewart (stewartseneca@gmail.com) by March 6, 2012.

Paper presentations are limited to 20-minutes. Please specify whether submitting a poster or paper.

Friday, March 2, 2012

March 23-29: USCL's Native American Studies Week

Native American Education and Archaeology

Highlighted during USC Lancaster’s

Native American Studies Week

March 23rd-March 29th

USC Lancaster 2012 Native American Studies Week

Thursday, March 1, 2012

Please Write Your Legislators

From Christopher Judge:

"I urge everyone to write to your legislators now and ask them to see that the Office of Coastal Resource Management within DHEC reverse their recent policy change whereby they no longer require that cultural resources surveys be conducted along our SC coast. More details are attached in a letter from Sean Norris Presdient of the Council of SC Professional Archaeologists:"

Carolyn Boltin-Kelly, Deputy Commissioner
Rheta Dinovo, Director of Regulatory Programs
DHEC-OCRM
1362 McMillan Avenue
Suite 400
Charleston, SC 29405

Dear Deputy Commissioner Boltin-Kelly and Director Dinovo:

In 2011, the Department of Health and Environmental Control-Ocean and Coastal Resource Management Division (OCRM) revised its policy so that archeological surveys will no longer be required for land disturbance permits. The Council of South Carolina Professional Archaeologists believes that this policy change should be reexamined. With the 1977 Coastal Zone Management Act OCRM has been mandated to consider, "the extent to which the development could affect irreplaceable historic and archeological sites of South Carolina's coastal zone" (Section 48-39-150(A)(6)).

Since the OCRM has no archaeologist or historian on staff, it consults with the South Carolina State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) in order to identify irreplaceable historic and archaeological sites. The SHPO maintains a list of all the archaeological sites that have been submitted to the state for review. The SHPO makes a determination of whether a site submitted for review is important enough to be on the National Register of Historic Places. OCRM has interpreted its mandate to consider irreplaceable sites as simply using SHPO’s inventory of sites on the National Register as the final list of sites that will be protected. As new sites are added to the SHPO’s list OCRM can add them to their list.

This is where the process falls apart. SHPO is a review agency; they do not actively undertake archaeological surveys. OCRM tasks agencies such as the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Fish and Wildlife to provide information on important natural and biological resources. These agencies physically go out in the field and identify those resources. SHPO, on the other hand, only reviews archaeological site surveys that have been requested by Federal or State agencies. If the State agency (OCRM) does not request an archaeological survey no new sites can be added to SHPO’s list and therefore fewer sites will be added to OCRM’s list.

OCRM has recognized this gap in the past and has appropriately consulted with SHPO on permit applications. SHPO would review their records and if no archaeological survey had been done in a permit area and if there were Native American shell mounds, plantation sites, cemeteries or other sites in the vicinity or on similar landform settings they would recommend that OCRM require the permit applicant to conduct an archaeological survey. The reason was similar to OCRM requiring a Wetlands Master Plan, or a map showing where the wetlands were on a property and how they will be affected. To generate a Wetlands Master Plan someone has to survey a property to find where the wetlands are. Similarly, someone would have to survey a property to find the archaeological sites.

The as-yet unidentified, unknown sites are of great concern. According to records on file at the SHPO, in the last ten years alone Cultural Resource Surveys initiated by OCRM permits have identified numerous previously unknown significant archaeological sites such as Palmetto Bluff in Beaufort County and the Dean Hall Plantation slave settlement in Berkeley County. These sites provide invaluable information concerning the history and prehistory of South Carolina. They would have been lost without OCRM recommending archaeological surveys.

The professional archaeological community understands the need for development on the coast. For decades we have worked with developers in order to minimize the cost of our services while still being responsible stewards of the archaeological resources. The cost of an archaeological survey is marginal compared to other costs a developer will encounter. The destruction or loss of a significant archaeological site can only hurt one of the things that makes the coast of South Carolina so special. The amount of money generated by heritage tourism on the coast is significant. According to South Carolina Parks Recreation and Tourism, in 2003 there were 1.6 million visitors to historic attractions in South Carolina spending an average of $62 a day. The Advisory Council on Historic Preservation cites a 2002 Department of Commerce statement that for every 1000 heritage tourists 10 jobs are created. Additionally the jobs of the professional archaeological community are affected by the policy change.

The archaeological community encourages OCRM to review and revise its policy in order to protect, sustain and promote the unique character of life on the coast that is reflected in its archaeological and historical resources.

Sincerely,

Sean Norris
President-Council of South Carolina Professional Archaeologists

Stealing Our Shared Past

You have probably read some of the uproar recently about a couple of new shows that essentially glamorize looting of archaeological sites. If you have not, I recommend you check out Archaeologists Protest 'Glamorization' of Looting on TV over at Science Insider on Science Mag.

The article states:

"On 20 March, Spike TV will premiere a new show called American Digger, while a show called Diggers on the National Geographic Channel made its debut 28 February. Both shows "promote and glorify the looting and destruction of archaeological sites," Society for American Archaeology (SAA) President William F. Limp wrote in a message posted earlier this week to the SAA listserv.

The premise of American Digger, which is being hosted by a former professional wrestler, was laid out in a recent announcement by Spike TV. A team of "diggers" will "scour target-rich areas, such as battlefields and historic sites, in hopes of striking it rich by unearthing and selling rare pieces of American history." Similar locales are featured in National Geographic's Diggers. In the second episode, set in South Carolina, Revolutionary War and War of 1812 buttons, bullets, and coins were recovered at a former plantation."

After you have checked out the article, I encourage you to consider signing the petitions circulating protesting these shows. You can find one of them here.

March 23: Native American Archaeological Research in the Catawba/Wateree Valley, 800-1860 A.D.

Conference on

Native American Archaeological Research

in the Catawba/Wateree Valley, 800-1860 A.D.

Sponsored by:
USC Lancaster Native American Studies Program
Friday March 23, 2012
Bundy Auditorium USCL Lancaster

ABSTRACTS

Conference Abstract
The unique history and cultural traditions of the indigenous populations of the Catawba/Wateree region were shaped by very early contact with Europeans and subsequent devastations as a result of disease, warfare, and attempts at removal. For these Native Americans, who were often erased from written histories, archaeological research provides the only insight into histories and cultures of these indigenous populations and their interactions with Europeans. Scholars from around the Carolinas, including from CAEC institutions, have approached their fieldwork and research in this region from a variety of perspectives and timeframes, from prehistoric Woodland and Mississippian eras to the antebellum period. USC Lancaster’s “Native American Archaeological Research in the Catawba/Wateree Valley, 800-1860 A.D.” conference attempts
to bring these researchers together for a comprehensive review of this scholarship, a discussion of conflicting perspectives, and a synthesis of discoveries and theories.

The format of the conference will be 30 minute papers followed by a panel of discussants and concluding with an opportunity for audience and participant questions and answers.

10am "The Geography of Native American Ceramic Sequencing on the Carolina Coastal Plain: A Prospectus for Measuring Cultural Interaction and Relatedness."

John Cable, Palmetto Research Institute

ABSTRACT: Ceramic production traditions are composed of a complex system of technological, stylistic and functional elements, all of which hold significance for evaluating the degree of social interaction and cultural relatedness between and within regional populations. Although archaeologists generally recognize this quality of ceramic traditions, methods and approaches directed toward systematizing and quantifying regional patterns of ceramic interaction have been slow to develop. This paper will provide a broad overview of what is known about pre-contact and contact regional ceramic sequences on the Southeast Atlantic Slope of the Carolinas and attempt to develop a framework for examining the cultural relationships between regional populations. In conclusion, strategies for further developing inter-regional data comparability are discussed.

10:30am “The Late Woodland Period in Central South Carolina: A Time of “More”, or a Pit-Stop on the Road from Middle Woodland to Mississippian” Jeremy Varnier, Department of Anthropology, University of South Carolina.

ABSTRACT: Very generally speaking, the Late Woodland period has been described as a time of “more” and as a time of transition. More people, more agriculture, more mound-building, and more sociopolitical complexity. My concern, in this paper, is two-fold: how does the concept of “more” with regard to increasing sociopolitical complexity look in the Wateree Valley during the Late Woodland period, and how does the evidence of increasing sociopolitical complexity manifest itself in the archaeological record? To help elucidate this question I provide a functional analysis of ceramic vessels from sites throughout the Wateree Valley examining a correlation between changing Late Woodland sociopolitical complexities in central South Carolina and variation in construction cost, display value, and size among ceramic vessels.

11:00am “Late Woodland Period Occupations at the Ashe Ferry Site, York County, South Carolina.” Brett H. Riggs and Duane E. Esarey, Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina.

ABSTRACT: Recent large-scale excavations at the Ashe Ferry site (38Yk533), York
County, South Carolina, revealed evidence of serial Late Woodland period encampments that likely represent stations for extraction and processing of nut crops and other resources. AMS assays derived from a variety of discrete features document primary occupations between ca. A.D. 950 and A.D. 1250. Analysis of associated ceramic assemblages clarifies the position of Late Woodland simple stamped wares in the ceramic sequence of the lower Catawba River basin, and illuminates the inception of
Mississippian vessel types and treatments in the region.

1:00pm “An Archaeology of the Settlement Indians of the South Carolina Lowcountry.” Carl Steen, Diachronic Research Foundation.

ABSTRACT: Native Americans present in the South Carolina Lowcountry at British contact in 1670 had already been weakened by disease, and soon faced even more threats. The European settlers wanted to trade with the Indians of the Southeast for furs and slave labor. Outside groups moved closer to the settlements, threatening the locals, who sought the protection of the Europeans. In the slave society of the Lowcountry they faced another danger: being mistaken (or taken) for slaves. To survive and maintain their freedom many left their Native ways behind. This paper will explore their survival, and contributions to Lowcountry culture.

1:30 pm “The Indian Slave Trade and Catawba History.” Mary Elizabeth Fitts, Department of Anthropology University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill

ABSTRACT: The American Indian slave trade conducted by South Carolina merchants from approximately 1670 to 1720 left indelible marks upon the sociopolitical landscape of the Southeastern United States. The purpose of this paper is to examine how this period of turmoil influenced the history of a single native
polity, the Catawba Indian Nation, using historic documents, ethnographic works, and archaeological data from mid-eighteenth century Catawba settlements.

The Catawba are one of few native polities of the Carolinas to emerge from the crucible of the Indian slave trade. The threats and opportunities of slave raiding led some groups to join a geographically dispersed confederacy which ultimately became the Catawba Nation. References to the trade of Indian slaves are scarce after the Yamasee War (1715-1717), but the legacy of slave raiding continued to influence Catawba political strategies and daily life. Different kinds of data can elucidate different facets of this influence. Using anthropological approaches to memory and embodied practice in conjunction with documentary sources it is possible to identify specific fears, particularly regarding the safety of Catawba children, as related to early colonial period slave raiding. Archaeological data from the mid eighteenth century Catawba towns of Nassaw, Weyapee, and Charraw, on the other hand, enable an examination of the degree to which the cultural diversity of the Nation, another legacy of the slave trade, affected daily life. These results suggest the impacts of the slave trade upon Southeastern Indian groups have yet to be fully understood.

2:00 pm “An Overview of the Catawba Project, 2001-2011.” R.P. Stephen Davis, Jr. Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina.

ABSTRACT: Since 2001, students and staff from the University of North Carolina’s Research Laboratories of Archaeology have undertaken research into the origins of the modern Catawba Nation, combining archaeological and historical information to gain a better understanding of the processes that brought about the transition from a culturally diverse, multi-ethnic community in the early to mid-18th century to a largely unified nation by the beginning of the 19th century. This transition involved strategic decision-making by Catawbas as they confronted dramatic demographic changes and population loss, shifts in community structure, realignment of political and military alliances, an evolving economic base, and the pressures of Euroamerican encroachment. The material record relevant to this research lies largely within York and Lancaster counties, South Carolina, and over the past decade six sites have been investigated through archaeological excavation. These include: Nassaw-Weyapee and Charraw Town, both located in the vicinity of Nation Ford and occupied during the 1750s; Old Town and Ayers Town, located several miles downriver and occupied during the late colonial and early federal periods; and New Town and the Bowers site, the last Catawba communities situated along the east side of Catawba during the early 19th century. Investigations at each of these sites are briefly described and summarized.

2:45- 3:30 pm Panel discussion and questions. Led by Stephen Criswell
PANEL: Charlie Cobb, Rick Chacon, Brooke Bauer, Stephen Criswell.